Ingredients

The FDA is investigating reports of five deaths after drinking high-caffeine energy drinks made by the Monster Energy Company. The parents of a 14-year-old girl say her daughter collapsed after drinking her second 24-ounce Monster Energy drink in two days. She died six days later. Monster Energy Drink, comes in 24-ounce cans and contain 240 milligrams of caffeine, or seven times the amount of the caffeine in a 12-ounce cola. [1]

Zinc deficiency affects about two billion people in the developing world and is associated with many diseases. In children it causes growth retardation, delayed sexual maturation, infection susceptibility, and diarrhoea, contributing to the death of about 800,000 children worldwide per year. [1]

There are 2-4 grams of zinc distributed throughout the human body. Most zinc is in the brain, muscle, bones, kidney, and liver, with the highest concentrations in the prostate and parts of the eye.

TFA consumption produces a unique cardiometabolic imprint via pathways linked to the insulin resistance syndrome. Consumption of trans fatty acids (TFA) is linked to harmful changes in serum lipids, systemic inflammation, endothelial function visceral adiposity, diabetes, increased  risk of myocardial infarction, coronary heart disease death, and sudden death. [1]

In 1974 the Food and Nutrition Board of the US National Academy of Sciences declared zinc an essential nutrient and establish recommended dietary allowances for humans and made zinc in total parenteral nutrition fluids mandatory. Prasad 2003 stressed that dietary zinc deficiency is very prevalent in the developing world, where mainly cereals are consumed. [1]

Nehling 2012, in a review of studies, stresses that cocoa powder and chocolate contain numerous flavonoids, such as  epicatechin which stimulate brain perfusion. [1]

Eroglu et al 2012 report that the breakdown products of beta-carotene are mostly vitamin A when breakdown happens centrally. However, if the breakdown takes place decentrally beta-apocarotenoids may be formed. These compounds act in opposition to vitamin A. [1]

A report published by the CDC on April 2012 is based on 58 biochemical indicators of diet and nutrition measured by the CDC, together with NHANES data collected from 1999 until 2006. The concentration of vitamins, fatty acids, trace elements, metabolites, isoflavones, lignans, and acrylamide hemoglobin adducts were measured in blood or urine of demographic subgroups. [1]

Vetander et al. 2012 reviewed  medical records of a paediatric emergency department, in Stockholm County/Sweden, related to incidence of anaphylaxis