Ingredients

Eroglu et al 2012 report that the breakdown products of beta-carotene are mostly vitamin A when breakdown happens centrally. However, if the breakdown takes place decentrally beta-apocarotenoids may be formed. These compounds act in opposition to vitamin A. [1]

A report published by the CDC on April 2012 is based on 58 biochemical indicators of diet and nutrition measured by the CDC, together with NHANES data collected from 1999 until 2006. The concentration of vitamins, fatty acids, trace elements, metabolites, isoflavones, lignans, and acrylamide hemoglobin adducts were measured in blood or urine of demographic subgroups. [1]

Vetander et al. 2012 reviewed  medical records of a paediatric emergency department, in Stockholm County/Sweden, related to incidence of anaphylaxis

According to  the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) Coca-Cola, Pepsi-Cola, Diet Coke, and Diet Pepsi contain high levels of 4-methylimidazole (4-MI), a known animal carcinogen. Ammonia-sulfite caramel colouring E150d is the “caramel colouring”of colas. The carcinogen is formed when ammonia or ammonia and sulfites are used to manufacture the “caramel colouring” [1]

A study of Khulan et al. 2012 supports the hypothesis that undernutrition during gestation and infancy predisposes to ill health in later life. The  researchers suggest that micronutrient supplementation might be a cause of methylation of foetal genes which control the immune system. [1]

Food choice is increasingly being influenced by health issues, creating opportunities for new product development, say El and Simsek in a 2012 review. Food scientists call for “optimal nutrition,” as the optimization of a daily nutrition model with nutrients and bioactive compounds to prevent diseases an promote healthy life. [1]

Clinical trials focused on vitamin E were not successful to lower cholesterol. Das et al 2012 assessed the LDL reducing  role of isomers of vitamin E, the tocotrienols. Rabbits were submitted to cholesterol-rich diet supplemented with tocotrienols. [1]

The authors report that left ventricular function including aortic flow, the developed pressure, and the myocardial infarct size exhibited significantly improved recovery with tocotrienol-γ and -α, but not with tocotrienol-δ.

Stevia is being obtained from the leaves of Stevia rebaudiana. Its sweetnes has a slower onset and longer duration than that of sugar, and some extracts may have a bitter or licorice-like aftertaste at high concentrations. Steviol glycoside extracts have up to 300 times the sweetness of sugar. are heat-stable, pH-stable, and do not ferment. They also do not induce a glycemic response when ingested, making them attractive as natural sweeteners to diabetics and others on carbohydrate-controlled diets. [1]

The Food Watch report highlights incomplete or not available  data  related to bioavailability, there were no animal feeding trials performed, safety assessment is incomplete; there are no data on stability of the carotinoids during storage conditions; there are almost no data published related to possible formation of undesired contents of the plant; spread of the genetic material to other plants is most probable. [1]

Tendal et al 2011 looked at the multiplicity of data in trial reports and assessed the impact of multiplicity on Cochrain meta-analysis results  published from issue 3 in 2006 to issue 2 in 2007. The authors selected 19 Cochrain meta-analyses for their analysis. They found that 18 meta-analysis presented multiplicity of data. [1]